LAPAHIE.com 4.1 \ Navajo Timeline from 1928 to 1940

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---- Friday - March 12, 2010 - 5:33:47 PM - Navajo Nation Time ----

Navajo Timeline

Year Navajo History World History

1930
U.S. Senate Investigating Committee confirmed the systematic kidnapping of Navajo children to put them in boarding schools. The church denominations which ran the schools authorized the kidnappings in order to fill their quotas.
The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona.

Emergency of Hitler's Nazi Party as a major German party. In a single election, Nazis gained 95 seats in the Reichstag, going from 12 seats to 107.

1930s
A judicial legal system was established with the Court of Indian Offenses on the Navajo Reservation. Tribal customs were taken into consideration in the Court of Indian Offenses.

1931
The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona.

1932
to
1936
The Stock Reduction Program was established on the Navajo Reservation by the U.S. government which killed more than 250,000 Navajo sheep, and goats, and tens of thousands of Navajo horses by federal agents. The policy was implemented by the BIA in coordination with the soil conservation service, and the Navajo had no say in its adoption. In fact they were never told the rationale behind it. Although Navajo women actually owned the sheep, the five BIA Navajo agencies held meetings only for Navajo men, instructing them in the concept of "carrying capacity" of the land. An acre could "carry" no more than 6 sheep. At first federal officers paid the Navajos for the sheep and goats and loaded them onto trains to sell in cities. But logistics soon broke down and in subsequent stock reductions, the federal officers simply shot thousands of sheep and left the carcasses to rot. Since sheep were the mainstay of the Navajo economy and culture, the difference between one dozen and two dozen sheep often meant the difference between starvation and survival. The stock reduction was viewed by the Navajo as a monstrous act, and contributed to their refusal to adopt an IRA reform government in 1934.

1933
The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Utah.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt inaugurated as President of the U.S. He appointed Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior, and John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and Gemany became a one party state under Nazi rule.

1934
The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona.
The Navajo Mounted Police was formed. This later became the Navajo Patrol in 1936, to be later re-organized as the Branch of Law and Order, and in 1959 to be called the Navajo Police Department.

The U.S. experienced it greatest drought in history. Entire counties in Oklahoma, north Texas, and Arkansas, became known as the Dust Bowl.

1935
Tribes held IRA elections: 181 tribes accepted it, 77 tribes rejected it. The Navajo defeated it by 518 votes out of 15, 876, saying it conflicted with the provisions of their 1868 treaty. They were still angry over the stock reductions associated with Collier's administration.

The Arabian peninsula was recognized as one of the world's potentially most important oil producing regions. It today includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain.

1936
Window Rock, Arizona, a sacred place in the Water Way Ceremony, was chosen as the site for the Navajo Central Agency. It later became the site of the Navajo Tribal Council.

1937
The Navajo Tribal Council was formed. Even though they had not adopted an IRA government, the BIA "created" a tribal council for them. A Catholic priest who spoke Navajo toured the reservation, getting the names of 250 authentic local headmen. He then reduced the list to 70 and gave it to the BIA superintendent, who declared them a Navajo Tribal Council and pressured these headmen to meet.

Josef Stalin instituted government by terror. Generals in his army, bureaucrats administering his programs, and loyal members of the diplomatic service, were executed regardless of guilt or innocence.
1937-1945 Sino-Japanese War. Japan invaded China, eventually controlling the north of China. Although Chiang Kai-shek was elected president of China (1943), it was Mao Tse-tung's forces that were most effective against the Japanese in the north of China.

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URL: http://www.lapahie.com /Timeline_USA_1928_1940.cfm

Creator(s): Harrison Lapahie Jr.

Dated Created: 01/01/2000

Version: 2.2

Updated: 05/29/2008

Curator(s): Harrison Lapahie Jr.

Resource(s): books, audio, internet

Questions/Comments: Harrison Lapahie Jr.

Year	Navajo History	World History
1930	U.S. Senate Investigating Committee confirmed the systematic kidnapping of Navajo children to put them in boarding schools. The church denominations which ran the schools authorized the kidnappings in order to fill their quotas. The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona.	Emergency of Hitler's Nazi Party as a major German party. In a single election, Nazis gained 95 seats in the Reichstag, going from 12 seats to 107.

1930s	A judicial legal system was established with the Court of Indian Offenses on the Navajo Reservation. Tribal customs were taken into consideration in the Court of Indian Offenses.

1931	The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona.

1932 to 1936	The Stock Reduction Program was established on the Navajo Reservation by the U.S. government which killed more than 250,000 Navajo sheep, and goats, and tens of thousands of Navajo horses by federal agents. The policy was implemented by the BIA in coordination with the soil conservation service, and the Navajo had no say in its adoption. In fact they were never told the rationale behind it. Although Navajo women actually owned the sheep, the five BIA Navajo agencies held meetings only for Navajo men, instructing them in the concept of "carrying capacity" of the land. An acre could "carry" no more than 6 sheep. At first federal officers paid the Navajos for the sheep and goats and loaded them onto trains to sell in cities. But logistics soon broke down and in subsequent stock reductions, the federal officers simply shot thousands of sheep and left the carcasses to rot. Since sheep were the mainstay of the Navajo economy and culture, the difference between one dozen and two dozen sheep often meant the difference between starvation and survival. The stock reduction was viewed by the Navajo as a monstrous act, and contributed to their refusal to adopt an IRA reform government in 1934.

1933	The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Utah.	Franklin Delano Roosevelt inaugurated as President of the U.S. He appointed Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior, and John Collier, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and Gemany became a one party state under Nazi rule.

1934	The Navajo Reservation was again expanded in Arizona. The Navajo Mounted Police was formed. This later became the Navajo Patrol in 1936, to be later re-organized as the Branch of Law and Order, and in 1959 to be called the Navajo Police Department.	The U.S. experienced it greatest drought in history. Entire counties in Oklahoma, north Texas, and Arkansas, became known as the Dust Bowl.

1935	Tribes held IRA elections: 181 tribes accepted it, 77 tribes rejected it. The Navajo defeated it by 518 votes out of 15, 876, saying it conflicted with the provisions of their 1868 treaty. They were still angry over the stock reductions associated with Collier's administration.	The Arabian peninsula was recognized as one of the world's potentially most important oil producing regions. It today includes Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain.

1936	Window Rock, Arizona, a sacred place in the Water Way Ceremony, was chosen as the site for the Navajo Central Agency. It later became the site of the Navajo Tribal Council.

1937	The Navajo Tribal Council was formed. Even though they had not adopted an IRA government, the BIA "created" a tribal council for them. A Catholic priest who spoke Navajo toured the reservation, getting the names of 250 authentic local headmen. He then reduced the list to 70 and gave it to the BIA superintendent, who declared them a Navajo Tribal Council and pressured these headmen to meet.	Josef Stalin instituted government by terror. Generals in his army, bureaucrats administering his programs, and loyal members of the diplomatic service, were executed regardless of guilt or innocence. 1937-1945 Sino-Japanese War. Japan invaded China, eventually controlling the north of China. Although Chiang Kai-shek was elected president of China (1943), it was Mao Tse-tung's forces that were most effective against the Japanese in the north of China.

URL:	http://www.lapahie.com /Timeline_USA_1928_1940.cfm
Creator(s):	Harrison Lapahie Jr.
Dated Created:	01/01/2000
Version:	2.2
Updated:	05/29/2008
Curator(s):	Harrison Lapahie Jr.
Resource(s):	books, audio, internet
Questions/Comments:	Harrison Lapahie Jr.